Social media can be a fun and exciting place for young people to learn, connect and share their interests. However, what children see online isn’t always random. Behind every video, image or post lies something called an algorithm, which is a set of invisible rules that decides what content appears on our screens.
Recent research in Ireland has raised concerns about what these algorithms can show to young users.
What Are Algorithms?
Algorithms are like digital decision-makers. They help platforms like TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram decide what content to show based on what users click, watch, or like.
If your child likes videos about football or gaming, they’ll likely see more of the same. However, it can also mean they end up seeing only that kind of content, which is called a “filter bubble.” This can make it harder to see other perspectives or discover new interests.
Unfortunately, research shows that algorithms can sometimes lead users toward harmful or extreme content, even if they didn’t look for it in the first place. That’s why it’s important for everyone to understand how these systems work.
What Influences the Algorithm?
An algorithm learns from how someone uses the platform. This can include:
- Likes and comments on videos, photos or posts
- Following or subscribing to accounts
- Watching videos fully (or skipping them halfway)
- Sharing content with others
Every click, swipe or pause helps the algorithm build a “profile” of what it thinks you want to see next.
Finding a Balance
Not everything about algorithms is negative. They can help children discover new hobbies, connect with supportive communities, or learn about things they enjoy, like science experiments, art, or history.
The key is balance – teaching children how to use these platforms positively while staying alert to the potential risks.
What Can Parents and Caregivers Do to Support Children using Social Platforms?
Here are a few practical steps you can take to support your child’s healthy relationship with social media:
1. Keep the conversation open
Ask your child about the content they enjoy and the influencers they follow. Instead of reacting with frustration, try to understand what draws them in. This helps you connect, support, and guide them with empathy.
2. Talk about how algorithms work
Explain to your child that the content they see is shaped by what they click on. Encourage them to “train” their feed by avoiding toxic or harmful content and using the report or block buttons when needed.
3. Reset and refresh
Many platforms now offer a “recommendation reset” feature. If your child’s feed becomes negative or overwhelming, this can help start fresh although new habits will quickly shape it again.
4. Check age settings
Ensure your child’s real age is listed on their social media accounts. Age influences what type of content the platform recommends.
5. Link online and offline experiences
Remember that what children engage with online often reflects how they feel offline. Regular chats about school, friends, and feelings can help you understand what’s behind their online choices.
Social media is a big part of young people’s lives today. By helping children understand how algorithms shape what they see, and by keeping the conversation open, we can empower them to make thoughtful, healthy choices online.
Disclaimer – This piece is an adapted and shortened version of an article originally published as part of the MSCA PARTICIPATE project, a doctoral research and training network focused on cyberbullying and parenting. The original publication provides a more detailed and academic discussion and can be accessed here.